When startups launch, growth goals often center on customer acquisition. The logic is that once you’ve made your product or service indispensable to people’s lives, you’ll have breathing room to ...

Business phrases like "due diligence" and "leverage" are common and well-known, but some newer ones, like forward integration, can be unfamiliar. The forward integration definition shared on ...

Ruzzier, Christian Alejandro. "Asset Specificity and Vertical Integration: Williamson's Hypothesis Reconsidered." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-119, April 2009.

Vertical integration is the degree to which a firm owns its upstream suppliers and its downstream buyers with the goal of increasing the company's power in the marketplace. There are three varieties ...

Walmart recently opened its first beef processing plant in Kansas, which will allow the retailer to package its own cuts and distribute them directly to its stores. Walmart doesn’t specifically use ...

Alfaro, Laura, Paola Conconi, Harald Fadinger, and Andrew F. Newman. "Do Prices Determine Vertical Integration?" Review of Economic Studies 83, no. 3 (July 2016): 855–888. (Also NBER Working Paper ...

Leaders of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) across administrations have promoted the policy goal of driving all of Medicare and the majority of Medicaid patients into risk-based ...

The Quinto Solar Farm in California, which forms part of Arevon’s operational solar portfolio. Image: Arevon Energy. Size, scale and vertical integration are imperative for success in the richly ...